Safety Margin at Mammalian Neuromuscular Junction - an Example of the Significance of Fine Time Measurements in Neurobiology
نویسندگان
چکیده
Single fibre electromyography with axonal microstimulation was used to study the margin of safety of neuromuscular transmission in human and in rat muscle. The latter has been claimed to have a significantly wider safety margin compared to man. There is an inverse relationship between the jitter of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and its safety factor. Jitter was measured at 498 NMJs of the extensor communis muscle of 16 healthy human volunteers and at 177 NMJs in the tibialis anterior of 6 Wistar rats. The mean jitter expressed as MCD was 17.1 μs (SD 8.2) and 17. 7 μs (SD 6.1) for the human and the rat muscle, respectively. Moreover, the scatter of the individual jitter values was remarkably similar. These closely similar findings (P < 0.5) demonstrate that no significant difference exists in the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission between the two muscles in man and in the rat. An essential condition for studies of this kind has been adequate resolution of time measurement, < 1 μs. This could have been achieved by using a homedesigned system for finely adjustable microstimulation amplitude at pulse width ≤ 0.01 ms and for jitter measurement at a resolution of 0.0001 ms, both of which is still unsurpassed by the commercially available equipment for single fibre electromyography. Varnostni rob na živčno-mišičnem stiku sesalcev, primer pomembnosti natančnega merjenja časa v nevrobiologiji Kjučne besede: živčno-mišični prenos, živčno-mišični stik, elektromiografija posamičnih vlaken, živčno-mišični drget, varnostni koeficient Izvleček: V raziskavi varnostnega roba živčno–mišičnega prenosa v človeški in podganji mišici je bila uporabljena elektromiografija posamičnih vlaken z mikrostimulacijo motoričnih aksonov. Ta je po splošnem prepričanju pri podgani mnogo širši kot pa pri človeku. Obstaja obratno sorazmerje med razponom drgeta živčno–mišičnega stika (NMJ) in varnostnim koeficientom. Razpon drgeta je bil merjen v mišici extensor digitorum communis na 498 motoričnih ploščicah 16 zdravih prostovoljcev in na 177 motoričnih ploščicah v mišici tibialis anterior 6 podgan rase Wistar. Povprečni drget, izražen kot MCD, je bil 17.7 μs (SD 8.2) pri človeški mišici in 17.8 μs (SD 6.1) pri podganji mišici. Tudi raztros posameznih vrednosti drgeta je bil zelo podoben. Ti zelo podobni rezultati (P<0.5) kažejo, da ni pomembne razlike med varnostnim koeficientom za pregledani mišici pri človeku in podgani. Ključni pogoj za take raziskave pa je ustrezna ločljivost in natančnost merjenja časa, ki mora biti boljša od ene mikrosekunde. To je bilo možno doseči z lastno zasnovo fino nastavljive amplitude mikrostimulacije pri širinah impulza ≤ 0.01ms in merjenje latenc z ločljivostjo 0.0001 ms, kar je veliko boljše, kot je dosegljivo s komercialno dostopnimi napravami za elektromiografijo posamičnih mišičnih vlaken.
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